Please note that most of the agents affect multiple pathological mechanisms (or one mechanism affects the other), thus we focus on their main therapeutic goal
Considering dopamines pivotal role in the brains reward system, such alterations could lead to an imbalance in dopaminergic neurotransmission 43,44
Other recognised contributors to RLS include chronic kidney disease (particularly uraemia), pregnancy, and certain medications such as some antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs), antipsychotics, and dopamine antagonists (including anti-nausea medications like metoclopramide)
Emerging research also suggests that L-carnitine may offer unique benefits for mature adults, easing fatigue and supporting cognitive function. Swanson L-Carnitine delivers 500 mg per serving to promote energy, a healthy body composition and more
Common ones include nausea, diarrhea, and constipation
MHT works by replacing the estrogen that declines during perimenopause and menopause