Brouwer IA, van Dusseldorp M, West CE, Meyboom S, Thomas CMG, Duran M, Hof KHV, Eskes TKAB, Hautvast JGAJ, and Steegers-Theunissen RPM (1999)
It acts as a coenzyme in many metabolic processes involving fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
The combination with helium-neon laser further enhanced these effects
No randomized controlled human trials have been conducted
Bacteria in the gut break down carnitine to trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which can promote arterial disease by increasing cholesterol deposits in the arteries and inflammation
It is formulated for skin that is already comfortable with active ingredients, for tougher or thicker-skinned areas, and for more advanced goals like firmness and deeper-set texture, delivering more peptide per application for those who want to push results further