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The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) clinical practice guidelines on Wilson disease note that hepatic copper exceeding 250 mcg/g dry weight is a strong diagnostic criterion for Wilson disease, but subclinical copper accumulation can begin at much lower thresholds in patients with cholestatic or cirrhotic liver disease [2]

Some studies suggest that 10 to 20% of patients continue experiencing symptoms beyond one year despite conservative treatment

Hydroxocobalamin has a higher affinity to the TC II transport protein than cyanocobalamin, or adenosylcobalamin

Once reconstituted, immediately refrigerate the vial at 2-8C (36-46F)

Topical efficacy depends on delivery system

It helps convert food into fuel and supports healthy nerve and blood cell function