Abstract The retina is highly susceptible to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that disrupt the normal operations of retinal cells
Thus under pathological conditions such as extreme levels of oxidation, the important protective properties of GPX4 may be redirected towards neuromelanin production, and this process may contribute to the loss of DA neurons in PD
Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus [14], Desulfovibrionales [35], and Bifidobacterium [36] have been reported to affect intestinal lipid absorption by targeting microbial metabolites, bile acids, and immune cells (Fig
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T2DM and insulin resistance are considered as an independent risk factor for AD
Recognizing possible issues in their early stages can help individuals to seek prompt medical attention when necessary