GIP receptor activation enhances insulin secretion, modulates adipose tissue metabolism, and appears to synergise with GLP-1 activity to produce greater metabolic effects than either hormone alone as demonstrated by the clinical performance of the dual agonist tirzepatide
We've seen this in numerous clinical observations
For a more detailed look at how these two treatments stack up, reading about Retatrutide vs Tirzepatide can provide additional context
Mechanistically, this relationship is driven by chronic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, increased levels of insulin and IGF-1, elevated estrogen and adipokines such as leptin, and impaired immune surveillance, all of which contribute to tumor initiation, proliferation, and evasion of apoptosis [144]
The 2.0 mg pen is also limited to one per 28 days
Animal studies identified an increased risk of thyroid C-cell tumours with GLP-1 receptor agonists, though there is no confirmed link in humans