10.1038/s41417-021-00299-4 212
Hum Ecol Risk Assess an Int J 22: 667-677
A study on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease indicated that individuals with low C4B copy numbers had milder inflammation and higher gut microbial diversity compared to those with high C4B copy numbers (146)
The clinical value of most of the so far described Nrf2 activators however was rather limited, mostly due to undesired interactions of these electrophiles with other cellular targets
Additionally, the promoter of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1/PPARG) has two AREs, although they have not been validated as functional, and has been reported to be both up- and downregulated by NRF2 activation depending on the context (Clark and Simon, 2009
Therefore, further large-scale clinical studies are needed to provide strong evidence that specific probiotic strains can target TMAO metabolism and improve disease outcomes