This phenomenon is associated with uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, elevated proton leak, ROS formation, cellular apoptosis, and, more important, increased myocardial oxygen consumption (56)
Tadaki H, Sasase T, Fukuda S, Toriniwa Y, Harada K, Ohta T, et al
Drugs 29, 489530
Creatine Creatine is a substance produced naturally in the body to help generate ATP in cells which is used as energy
Thus, it can be estimated that only a small part of acetylcarnitine leaves the mitochondria and most of the available acetylcarnitine pool is generated in peroxisomes as a result of fatty acid breakdown
LeeTSManeSEidTZhaoHLinAGuanZet al