nadph and glutathione Diagram of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Consumption Scheme NADPH homeostasis in cancer: functions,

Critical roles in maintaining redox are exerted by antioxidant systems, including the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin systems and the nuclear erythroid related transcription factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of detoxification proteins such as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) [181]

Gutermuth T, Herbell S, Lassig R, Brosche M, Romeis T, Feijo JA, Hedrich R, Konrad KR (2018) Tip-localized Ca 2+ -permeable channels control pollen tube growth via kinase-dependent R- and S-type anion channel regulation

Hydroxocobalamin, however, is the most biologically active form of Vitamin B12

It improves angiogenesis ( new blood vessel formation) which is crucial because tendons are notoriously poorly vascularized

Ma D, Lu B, Feng C, Wang C, Wang Y, Luo T, et al

doi: 10.1111/jfpe.13792 288 JanTNegiRHilalAKaurSKourDKhanSSet al