Some of the roles that are attributed to vitamin B12 include: Forming red blood cells Playing a role in DNA/RNA synthesis Acting as a cofactor for methionine synthase (helping with methylation or the conversion of homocysteine to methionine, which protects cardiovascular health and more) Facilitating metabolic conversion of protein and fats Carrying out neurotransmitter functions and helping with production of hormones Helping convert amino acids and make creatine Producing myelin sheath (the coating of nerves) Helping with synthesis of hemoglobin Playing a role in fetal development during pregnancy How Much Do You Need
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Because it stimulates powerful growth pathways in the brain, researchers have flagged several risks and the absence of human trials means its long-term effects are unknown
They may also be necessary when certain medications interfere with B12 absorption or in any other diagnosed condition specifically impacting B12 uptake
These factors contribute to free radical activity, which breaks down collagen and damages skin cells, a process known as oxidative stress
Oral administration has shown GI-local effects in rodent studies and some systemic effects