Availability of data and materials N/A Abbreviations ALCAR: Acetyl-L-carnitine ANG: Angiogenin BPH: Benign prostatic hyperplasia CCL2: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 CCR2: C-C chemokine receptor type 2 CM: Conditioned media CXCL12: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 CXCL8: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 CXCR1: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 CXCR2: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 CXCR4: C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 DAPI: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole EBM: Endothelial basal medium EGM: Endothelial growth medium FACS: Fluorescence activated cell sorting FBS: Foetal bovine serum FC: Flow cytometry FSC: Forward-scattered light ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 IL-6: Interleukin-6 MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 NFB: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells PBMCs: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells PCa: Prostate cancer SDF-1: Stem-derived facrior-1 SSC: Side-scattered light VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFR: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor References Jaiswal S, Sarmad R, Arora S, Dasaraju R, Sarmad K

How to use: Apply a thin layer to clean, dry skin at night, massage gently until absorbed, use sunscreen daily, and avoid mixing with stronger active ingredients to prevent irritation
That can affect patient adherence
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Individual ingredients have documented metabolic roles, but the combined injectable formulation lacks rigorous clinical trial evidence for dramatic body composition changes
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