Common causes include: Pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disorder hindering Vitamin B12 absorption Gastrointestinal surgeries, like gastrectomy, impact Vitamin B12 uptake Long-term use of certain medications, such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors Diets lacking in Vitamin B12, often seen in vegans and vegetarians For those without a deficiency, Vitamin B12 injections are not typically recommended, as their body can naturally regulate and excrete excess amounts of the vitamin
Most adults need 2.4 mcg per day, but vegetarians, vegans, masters athletes over 50, and high-volume endurance athletes are at elevated deficiency risk
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Patients often report an energy change within days largely attributable to B12 where deficiency exists
Liu M, et al
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