Emerging roles of NPQ/spexin in physiology and pathology
Moreover, the association observed in some epidemiological studies could be sustained by the fact that T2DM and TC could share some common risk factors, such as obesity and increasing age (Kitahara et al., 2020), and TC is often diagnosed incidentally in patients with T2DM due to the performance of screening imaging (such as carotid artery ultrasound), potentially leading to a selection bias ( The second reason why anti-diabetic drugs could be beneficial in TC is that TC cells often display abnormal metabolic pathways that could be sensitive to the specific action of anti-diabetic drugs
Someone losing fat while gaining muscle might see minimal scale changes despite significant improvements
Metabolism slows, muscle mass declines, hormonal shifts alter how the body stores fat, and the caloric deficit required to produce meaningful weight loss becomes more difficult to sustain through diet and exercise alone
Nemati M, Omrani GR, Ebrahimi B, Montazeri-Najafabady N (2021) The beneficial effects of probiotics via autophagy: a systematic review
& Sivaramakrishnan, S