They are most effective when used as part of a comprehensive plan that includes nutritional guidance and physical activity
Clinical trials show that it lowers HbA1c levels (a measure of long-term blood sugar) and supports weight loss, all while being well-tolerated by patients.[7]
By persistently activating GLP-1 receptors, these drugs provide a constant signal of fullness to the brain, leading to a significant reduction in calorie intake and subsequent weight loss
These functional benefits are mediated through convergent intracellular signaling cascades: BDNF activates tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)-dependent Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase/Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways to enhance survival and synaptic plasticity, reducing apoptosis and preserving retinal structure in hyperglycemic conditions (34, 162, 183)
Studies suggest semaglutide may reduce CRP and other inflammatory markers, though these effects may be largely attributable to significant weight reduction rather than direct anti-inflammatory action