gastric sleeve vs glp-1 Bariatric Surgery Outperforms GLP-1s in Weight Loss Metabolic surgery and GLP-1 agonists

Chronic inflammation is probably the biggest driver, whether from gut infections like SIBO or candida, autoimmune conditions, or persistent immune activation

Macrophage-derived extracellular succinate licenses neural stem cells to suppress chronic neuroinflammation

PMCID: PMC9879756

It also inhibits melanosome maturation and is less cytotoxic to melanocytes than hydroquinone

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Patients should be advised to seek prompt medical evaluation for severe or persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, vision changes, unusual neck swelling or hoarseness, or severe constipation with abdominal distention