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2 Oxidative stress and periodontitis 2.1 Basic concepts of oxidative stress Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen types (involving superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) and other oxidants in the cellular and extracellular environment, capable of damaging cell structures and functions ( Under normal conditions, the body regulates and neutralizes these parlous oxidants by antioxidant systems (including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, etc.), remaining redox balance within cells (Menzel et al., 2021)

Selected publications: GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration BioMed Research International, 2015

[Abstract]2026 Jan 23;22(1):e1012013

physiology 8, 439

Evidence quality is central to GHK-Cu benefits research because endpoint variation is high across the literature

This is why combining with strong acids in one formula (or right before application) is chemically problematic