P values indicated, calculated by two-way ANOVA with Tukeys ( a ) or dks multiple comparisons test ( b,c ), and one-way ANOVA with Dunnetts multiple comparisons test ( d )
While the GSH, Grx, and Trx systems operate via distinct enzymatic pathways they converge functionally to create a cooperative redox buffering machine
Woodruff PG, Modrek B, Choy DF, Jia G, Abbas AR, Ellwanger A, Koth LL, Arron JR, Fahy JV
Oral glutathione is generally considered less invasive than intravenous (IV) glutathione administration
This typically occurs in cells under conditions of oxidative stress, when reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are high
Neuroprotective properties of citicoline: facts, doubts and unresolved issues