GHK-Cu, as reported in the literature, works through repair signaling
The role of oxidative stress in the COVID-19 disease may involve recognition of the viral S-protein by angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor and pattern recognition receptors like toll-like receptors 2 and 4, and activation of transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B, that subsequently activate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) expression succeeded by ROS production (Kozlov et al., 2021)
Accordingly, several metabolites linked to glutathione-mediated protection against oxidative stress ( S -adenosyl-methionine, S -adenosyl-homocysteine and methylnicotinamide) 27,28 and glycolysis (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate and pyruvate) 10 did not pass the double threshold required for classification as strong metabolites and were classified as weak metabolites
Acute heart failure after reperfused ischemic stroke: association with systemic and cardiac inflammatory responses
Individual results vary depending on skin type, baseline pigmentation, lifestyle factors and treatment compliance
High doses may put additional strain on the kidneys, potentially causing adverse effects