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n = 30), while the placebo group subjects ( n = 29) were administered daily samples of comparable volumes to the treatment groups not containing any active ingredients (methylcellulose)
The breadth of documented activity reflects what the original investigators have described as systems-level pharmacology: rather than acting through a single high-affinity receptor, BPC-157 appears to modulate multiple intersecting cellular pathways including nitric oxide signalling, growth-factor receptor expression, dopamine and serotonin metabolism, and angiogenic vessel formation
Nevertheless, this does not mean that oral BPC-157 will be ineffective for joint pain or that BPC-157 injections wont show GI effects
References Abed DA, Goldstein M, Albanyan H, Jin H, Hu L
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