l carnitine is a steroid or not The bright and the dark sides of L-carnitine supplementation: systematic review | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition L-Carnitine Uses & Benefits Explained:

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide ameliorates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by regulating the nrf-2/HO-1 axis and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in diabetic rats

Kinetics measurements The HT adducts were prepared as described previously

Gene profiling studies show that GHK modulates pathological gene expression patterns associated with aging toward a younger profile (Pickart et al., 2012)

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Anti-inflammatory Effects: The peptide appears to reduce inflammation by modulating cytokines and other mediators, helping decrease swelling and pain associated with injuries

So, the placebo was saline control