High-risk groups who should be considered for monitoring include: Patients taking metformin for more than three years Those on high-dose metformin (2g daily) Older adults (aged 65 years and above), who have reduced gastric acid production and lower B12 stores Patients with pre-existing risk factors for B12 deficiency, including previous gastric surgery, pernicious anaemia, or inflammatory bowel disease Individuals following vegan or vegetarian diets with limited dietary B12 intake Those taking acid-suppressing medications (proton pump inhibitors or H2-receptor antagonists) Patients with symptoms suggestive of B12 deficiency Patients with unexplained anaemia or neuropathy The frequency of monitoring should be guided by clinical judgement and local pathways, with consideration of individual risk factors
Soy, and minimally processed animal products often provide all the essential and non-essential amino acids to make a complete protein, including cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine
They help rebuild a protective skin barrier, and tighten your skin texture, giving you a youthful and plump look
*Correspondence: Kun Chen, [email protected] This article was submitted to Cell Death and Survival, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers
Chronic inflammation can be behind everything from joint pain to fatigue
Hair loss considerations Rapid weight loss from any cause can trigger telogen effluvium, a temporary form of hair shedding