12,13 Modifications to prolong the half-life of GLP-1 RAs include sequence substitutions conferring resistance to DPP-4, along with acylation (liraglutide and semaglutide), covalent bonding to modified Ig fragment crystallisable domain (dulaglutide), or covalent bonding to albumin
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In contrast, drugs with a narrow therapeutic window can be particularly vulnerable
Katagiri, T., & Watabe, T
GHK-Cu also restores antioxidant defenses by upregulating Nrf2 expression, which is crucial for combating oxidative damage in COPD 7