GP Biewenga, GR Haenen, A Bast
Peptides have been used in medicines for about 100 years, and some peptides are made into oral supplements and skin and hair care products for anti-aging, muscle growth, and fat loss benefits
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy treatments can also cause hair loss
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The bulk of the hair-relevant data is in vitro (cells in dishes) or ex vivo (isolated follicles in culture), andas we will seea large share of the most-cited follicle-elongation evidence used a closely related but distinct peptide, AHK-Cu, not GHK-Cu itself
For example, PRMT1-mediated STAT6 methylation, induced by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1, promoted M2 macrophage polarization, contributing to fibrotic signaling in lung epithelial cells [91]