[1] Other causes include autoimmune conditions, certain infections, and inflammatory states that alter B12 metabolism or binding protein production
[4] A fourth route, intranasal delivery, has been explored in the context of neurological applications on the premise that the nasal mucosa provides a direct pathway to the central nervous system via the olfactory nerve
However, a significant amount of preclinical research has explored its potential to reduce inflammation and promote healing in models of IBS and IBD, showing promising results in stabilizing gut function
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Onset of Action Injectable: Subcutaneous or intramuscular bpc 157 injection enters the bloodstream quickly, often showing effects within 12 days in animal studies