Herbig U, Jobling WA, Chen BP, Chen DJ, Sedivy JM (2004) Telomere shortening triggers senescence of human cells through a pathway involving ATM, p53, and p21(CIP1), but not p16(INK4a)
Its benefits include enhanced fat loss, improved insulin sensitivity, increased endurance, and potential anti-aging effects
doi:10.4103/0378-6323.179088 12
L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid formed from lysine and methionine, and its role is to transport fatty acids into the mitochondria where they can be burned for fuel
Cysteine residues within polypeptide chains can undergo oxidation to form covalent disulfide bridges, stabilizing protein tertiary and quaternary structures
Moreover, HbA1c and HOMA-IR levels decreased significantly after about 12 and 8 weeks of L-carnitine supplementation, respectively