Plant-derived bioactive substances, including polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins), polysaccharides (inulin, fructooligosaccharides, plant polysaccharides), saponins (ginsenosides, astragaloside IV), and alkaloids (berberine), have been shown to possess multiple biological activities such as gut microbiota modulation, intestinal barrier improvement, reduction of inflammatory factor release, and antioxidant effects (21)
Every major mechanism differs
Colitis models and treatments Unless otherwise specified, WT or certain knockout mice were administered 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, Yeasen, 60316ES76) in their drinking water for 7 days to establish the DSS-induced colitis mouse model
GHK is a naturally occurring bioactive amino that forms an ionic complex with copper in human plasma
HBOT showed a marked improvement in cognitive functions and neuronal health which usually declines with aging
USA 78 , 65096512 (1981)