Despite their importance in cell homeostasis, the process of OXPHOS generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product, which can damage mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and DNA
XRCC4 consists of 336 amino acids and bears a globular head at the N-terminus and a coiled-coil tail at the C-terminus (C-ter) that mediates dimerization and interaction with Lig4
This peptide is bound to a copper ion that prompts skin cells to make more proteins like collagen and elastin
This broader action helps explain why GHK-Cu copper peptide benefits show up in skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and even some hair and scalp protocols, while many other peptides focus on only one effect
Written informed consent was obtained from the participant/patient(s) for the publication of this case report
For ongoing care: 1 mL (1000 mcg) given as an intramuscular shot once a month