These findings are in agreement with the outcomes of previous studies, 19,40,41 and this inflammatory reactions can be attributed to oxidative stress induced by DOX, which may provoke renal inflammation by elevating pro-inflammatory cytokines through the activation of inflammatory proteins, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B), and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3 inflammasome)
These limitations require careful consideration when selecting supplementation strategies for specific health goals
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Box represents the first and third quartiles, with the median shown as a horizontal line
The most critical limitation was that the number of participating patients was not sufficiently large to generalize these results and apply them to real clinical practice and that clinical data and sera samples from the time of diagnosis were used retrospectively
Regular use and maintenance are required to sustain any lightening effects, and results can vary among individuals