Through decades of research, six major classes of PRRs have been identified, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), nucleic acid recognition receptors, and other innate immune receptors (such as scavenger receptors, complement receptors) ( Interferon (IFN)-induced signalling pathway is the most important antiviral approach for the host and is activated by downstream signals of many PRRs ( As a newly identified PRR, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes viral, endogenous mitochondrial and genomic DNA in the cytoplasm and plays an important role in innate antiviral immunity ( 2 Integrated omic and functional analyses identify the cGAS-STING pathway controlling viral infections and regulating various host defence responses More and more multi-omics studies have confirmed the important role of cGAS-STING in the course of viral infections

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