Fukada T, Civic N, Furuichi T, Shimoda S, Mishima K, Higashiyama H, et al
Rather than replacing ergothioneine, astaxanthin may complement the body's existing antioxidant defenses
In cell or mouse models, blocking ferritinophagy via knockdown of NCOA4 or Atg5, or with the treatment of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), reduces ferritin degradation and iron overload, partially alleviating ferroptosis and ultimately mitigating rifampicin-induced cytotoxicity, liver steatosis and tissue injury
They may remain stable, progress, or cause increasing symptoms over time
i , n = 10 biological replicates
Prast J et al